Hernia at its initial stage becomes flat on lying down it is called as reducibility. As the contents of hernia remains outside of the abdomen for longer time , they form adhesions and does not become flat on lying down position or even after manual pressure it is called as irreducible hernia. At this stage patients starts continuous dragging pain and discomfort. It requires surgery as soon as possible. If not done it goes to next stage of complication that is obstructed hernia.

When intestines in hernia gets kinked and thus resulting the blockage of its contents it is called intestinal obstruction. Patient s starts getting severe abdominal colicky pain, intractable vomiting. It requires an emergency surgery otherwise either intestine becomes gangrenous or it perforates.

Obstructed hernia if not taken up immediately for surgery , can have reduced blood supply and may result in blackening of intestine it is called as strangulated hernia. It is life threatening condition and patient requires a cutting of intestine and repair of hernia. At this time if possible use of Mesh avoided as there is high chance of infection

In case of large hernia which are neglected for long time , skin may thin out and cause ulceartions.These hernias can not be treated laparoscopically and requires open hernia repair, where necrotic thinned out skin needs to be excised.